Maths and Computing:Vernam Activity

Vernam Vernam Cipher

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	A	P	A	P	G
Ciphertext Binary Values	0000	1111	0000	1111	0110
One-Time Pad	C	E	O	N	M
Pad Binary Values	0010	0100	1110	1101	1100

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	A	P	A	P	G
Ciphertext Binary Values	0000	1111	0000	1111	0110
One-Time Pad	C	E	O	N	M
Pad Binary Values	0010	0100	1110	1101	1100
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	0000	1111	0000	1111	0110
value2	0010	0100	1110	1101	1100
value1 XOR value2	0010	1011	1110	0010	1010

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	A	P	A	P	G
Ciphertext Binary Values	0000	1111	0000	1111	0110
One-Time Pad	C	E	O	N	M
Pad Binary Values	0010	0100	1110	1101	1100
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	0000	1111	0000	1111	0110
value2	0010	0100	1110	1101	1100
value1 XOR value2	0010	1011	1110	0010	1010
	Characters assigned to each resulting binary value
Plaintext Binary Values	0010	1011	1110	0010	1010
Plaintext	C	L	O	C	K

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	Z	T	#	B	N	V	#	H	Z
Ciphertext Binary Values	11001	10011	11011	00001	01101	10101	11011	00111	11001
One-Time Pad	I	X	Z	G	N	E	^	D	I
Pad Binary Values	01000	10111	11001	00110	01101	00100	11101	00011	01000

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	Z	T	#	B	N	V	#	H	Z
Ciphertext Binary Values	11001	10011	11011	00001	01101	10101	11011	00111	11001
One-Time Pad	I	X	Z	G	N	E	^	D	I
Pad Binary Values	01000	10111	11001	00110	01101	00100	11101	00011	01000
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	11001	10011	11011	00001	01101	10101	11011	00111	11001
value2	01000	10111	11001	00110	01101	00100	11101	00011	01000
value1 XOR value2	10001	00100	00010	00111	00000	10001	00110	00100	10001

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	Z	T	#	B	N	V	#	H	Z
Ciphertext Binary Values	11001	10011	11011	00001	01101	10101	11011	00111	11001
One-Time Pad	I	X	Z	G	N	E	^	D	I
Pad Binary Values	01000	10111	11001	00110	01101	00100	11101	00011	01000
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	11001	10011	11011	00001	01101	10101	11011	00111	11001
value2	01000	10111	11001	00110	01101	00100	11101	00011	01000
value1 XOR value2	10001	00100	00010	00111	00000	10001	00110	00100	10001
	Characters assigned to each resulting binary value
Plaintext Binary Values	10001	00100	00010	00111	00000	10001	00110	00100	10001
Plaintext	R	E	C	H	A	R	G	E	R

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 6

Decode oVDf?Fo using the One-time only pad OwaU#x]

Enter Answer #CCEEAA

Alphabet A B C D E F G H
Binary Value 000000 000001 000010 000011 000100 000101 000110 000111

Alphabet I J K L M N O P
Binary Value 001000 001001 001010 001011 001100 001101 001110 001111

Alphabet Q R S T U V W X
Binary Value 010000 010001 010010 010011 010100 010101 010110 010111

Alphabet Y Z [ # ] ^ $ %
Binary Value 011000 011001 011010 011011 011100 011101 011110 011111

Alphabet a b c d e f g h
Binary Value 100000 100001 100010 100011 100100 100101 100110 100111

Alphabet i j k l m n o p
Binary Value 101000 101001 101010 101011 101100 101101 101110 101111

Alphabet q r s t u v w x
Binary Value 110000 110001 110010 110011 110100 110101 110110 110111

Alphabet y z { | } ~ & ?
Binary Value 111000 111001 111010 111011 111100 111101 111110 111111

Vernam

Maths and Computing:

Vernam Vernam Cipher

Polyalphabetic Cipher

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 4

Decode APAPG using the One-time only pad CEONM

Enter Answer #CCEEAA

Alphabet A B C D E F G H
Binary Value 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Alphabet I J K L M N O P
Binary Value 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: CLOCK

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 5

Decode ZT#BNV#HZ using the One-time only pad IXZGNE^DI

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: RECHARGER

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 6

Decode oVDf?Fo using the One-time only pad OwaU#x]

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: address

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Contents Copyright 2026 Andy Abraham

Please email comments to info@mathsandcomputing.co.uk

Action =

Alphabet	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Binary Value	00000	00001	00010	00011	00100	00101	00110	00111

Alphabet	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P
Binary Value	01000	01001	01010	01011	01100	01101	01110	01111

Alphabet	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X
Binary Value	10000	10001	10010	10011	10100	10101	10110	10111

Alphabet	Y	Z	[	#	]	^	$	%
Binary Value	11000	11001	11010	11011	11100	11101	11110	11111

Alphabet	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Binary Value	000000	000001	000010	000011	000100	000101	000110	000111

Alphabet	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P
Binary Value	001000	001001	001010	001011	001100	001101	001110	001111

Alphabet	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X
Binary Value	010000	010001	010010	010011	010100	010101	010110	010111

Alphabet	Y	Z	[	#	]	^	$	%
Binary Value	011000	011001	011010	011011	011100	011101	011110	011111

Alphabet	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
Binary Value	100000	100001	100010	100011	100100	100101	100110	100111

Alphabet	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p
Binary Value	101000	101001	101010	101011	101100	101101	101110	101111

Alphabet	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x
Binary Value	110000	110001	110010	110011	110100	110101	110110	110111

Alphabet	y	z	{	\|	}	~	&	?
Binary Value	111000	111001	111010	111011	111100	111101	111110	111111

Vernam

Maths and Computing:

Vernam Vernam Cipher

Polyalphabetic Cipher

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 4

Decode APAPG using the One-time only pad CEONM

Enter Answer #CCEEAA AlphabetABCDEFGHBinary Value00000001001000110100010101100111 AlphabetIJKLMNOPBinary Value10001001101010111100110111101111

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: CLOCK

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 5

Decode ZT#BNV#HZ using the One-time only pad IXZGNE^DI

Enter Answer #CCEEAA AlphabetABCDEFGHBinary Value0000000001000100001100100001010011000111 AlphabetIJKLMNOPBinary Value0100001001010100101101100011010111001111 AlphabetQRSTUVWXBinary Value1000010001100101001110100101011011010111 AlphabetYZ[#]^$%Binary Value1100011001110101101111100111011111011111

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: RECHARGER

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 6

Decode oVDf?Fo using the One-time only pad OwaU#x]

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: address

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Contents Copyright 2026 Andy Abraham

Please email comments to info@mathsandcomputing.co.uk

Action =

Enter Answer #CCEEAA

Alphabet A B C D E F G H
Binary Value 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Alphabet I J K L M N O P
Binary Value 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111